Textual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Textual analysis - Essay Example In this essay, description is an important technique to introduce and characterize main characters and settings. It helps readers imagine how these people look and where these incidences happened. The young lady was scared of Staples, not only because Staples is a â€Å"youngish black man†, but also because his clothes and his behavior made him look like â€Å"a mugger† or â€Å"a rapist†. Brent Staples described himself as â€Å"the youngish black man—a broad six feet two inches with a beard and billowing hair, both hands shoved into the pocket of a bulky military jacket â€Å"(40) in his early twenties. He uses â€Å"broad†, â€Å"billowing† and â€Å"bulky† to make people see him as big and imposing. Staples also uses the word â€Å"shove† over the word â€Å"put†, which suggests violence and makes Staples appear more powerful. In this way, Staples successfully describes how he seems scary to other people. After Staples â€Å"felt [sadness] at so often being taken for a criminal† (42), he was forced to pay attention to his clothes and his behavior. Brent Staples says, â€Å"I give a wide berth to nervous people on subway platforms during the wee hours, particularly when I have exchange business clothes for jeans. If I happen to be entering a building behind some people who appear skittish, I may walk by, letting them clear the lobby before I return, so as not to seem to be following them† (42). Staples describes several sceneries that commonly happen in people’s daily lives. He puts readers into the platforms and buildings as if they are watching as things happen. In the last paragraph of the essay, Staples says, â€Å"I whistle melodies from Beethoven and Vivaldi and the more popular classical composers. Even steely New Yorkers hunching toward nighttime destinations seem to relax, and occasionally they even join in the tune† (42). In this description, Stap les puts readers onto the street where strangers whistle melodies to greet each other.

The Rhetorical Image of Free

The Rhetorical Image of Freedom Essay In Phillis Wheatleys poem, To the Right Honorable William†¦, evokes a spirit of an American vision that undermines that of Thomas Jeffersons Declaration of Independence, by reminding the Earl of Dartmouth that all should have freedom but for those who have obtained it, should not forget to thank God. Thomas Jeffersons vision of America is almost the same as Wheatleys with one major difference, his version doesnt include African Americans nor for that matter, equality for women. The words expressed, written, and agreed upon by our founding fathers, regards the vital importance to being free from Britain but ignore that the word man can mean mankind, human and not just white male (Arnold 2) Wheatleys version of America has a major difference with Thomas Jeffersons vision of America, she speaks for equality of African Americans and yet as she illustrates, freedom should be thanked by acknowledging God (Lauter 1243). In 1765 when the first echoing of dispute to British authority became obvious to Parliament, the frontier in America consisted of thirteen separate colonies. Each had a resident legislature which served on provincial soil, but which served only at the pleasure of a governor appointed by the crown. By July 2, 1776, in Philadelphia, the Continental Congress adopted the resolution, introduced by Richard Henry Lee and John Adams, which actually declared independence from Great Britain. It declared, in part, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved/ (Arnold 4) The Declaration, which explained why the Colonies that were now states declare their independence, after which was adopted by the Continental Congress July 4, 1776. The leading draftsman was Thomas Jefferson, assisted by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman. Some of the text follows:We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or  to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness (GA 1). Jefferson, as others had complained that they felt King George of Britain had enslaved the people in the colonies and had forgotten their needs. When he wrote the crucial points of needing Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness, they were radical ideas written on paper but aired the need to justify that their Creator (God) was the authority who approved that men were created equal/ Hence, the reasoning behind the need to be liberated on their own terms (Arnold 2). Jeffersons message, forever written in our countrys history, uses strong language acknowledging the fact that people need to be free. On the other hand, history tells another story. Jeffersons vision of a free America is freedom for white men against their oppressor and failed to grant freedom to African Americans. Jefferson at the time argued that blacks were 3/5 humans and owned 200 slaves (7). He wasnt impressed with Phillis Wheatleys poetry or anything else she had to say (9). The Declaration of Independence immediately became the worlds foremost manifesto celebrating human rights and personal freedom. The fact of the matter is that America still had real slave issues to deal with (8). Wheatley, a former slave, wrote, the 1773 publication of Phillis Wheatleys Poems on Various Subjects established her as a young prodigy and defied the major justification for enslavement of Africans the European assumption of African inferiority. One of the best-known poems in the collection is dedicated To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth, His Majestys Principal Secretary of State for North-America, Etc. Wheatley was encouraged by the appointment of Dartmouth, whom she had met in London. She knew that he was friends with the abolitionist Countess of Huntingdon and of the late Reverend George Whitefield, who had helped initiate the Great Awakening (VanSpanckeren 2). The poem opens with hopefulness that under Dartmouths blissful sway, the  colonies will see Freedoms charms unfold and experience an end to the reign of wanton Tyranny that meant tenslave the land. Those lines provide a subtle yet powerful segue into the next verse, in which she proposes that her love of Freedom and by the implication, that of the black Patriots, springs from the anguish Africans have known as slaves. In here lies vital information that she too loves freedom. To find this freedom, her parents in Africa, she notes, What pangs excruciating must molest, What sorrows labour in my parents breast?/ describe what they may have felt after she was kidnapped and brought to America. Perhaps including her experiences in the poem she reinforces that she too knows what it is like to come through the Atlantic and then be sold into slavery. She was a slave who found freedom. She has empathy for those had to make the difficult voyage to get here; fought to separate themselves from Britain because they felt enslaved and needed to be free just as the Declaration of Independence proposed (1243). The vision Wheatley wanted for America is just like that of Jefferson except for the fact that she wanted to include African Americas. The question she provokes to undermine the author of The Declaration of Independence would be how can he argue the need for freedom from bondage of your motherland and not free the African Americans he has in his own backyard (Arnold 8). For example, when she writes, And can I then pray others may never feel tyrannic sway?/ She asserts to the response that there are still enslaved people around. She wants them to obtain the same freedom America will have. She writes strong and eloquent words to the fact that she, like America, who were brought here and suffered with under the monarchy, was now free. Her journey on being brought here, although hard, still afforded her to overcome these experiences through finding God (1243). Jefferson mentions God as the Creator and permits his creations (man) to seek liberty (GA 1). Wheatley notes that through the celebration of finding liberty, one must thank God for it. The spirit of liberty and the disruptions of the Revolutionary era encouraged African American men and women to choose sides. They were either Patriots or Loyalists. They were a fundamental part of what this nation would become  (Arnold 10). This same spirit of liberty propelled Jefferson to write, The Declaration of Independence and Wheatleys, To the Honourable William†¦, which combines one ideal for America. This principle which the country was founded upon speaks volumes about the need of man to be free from their tyrant, whoever this tyrant is. Jefferson saw it as King George of England. Wheatley saw it as some people in power in America who didnt want African Americans free from their bondage. She used kinder words to express her opinions. In an ironic twist, Jefferson, whose final draft of The Declaration of Independence, was altered when he used very strong language referring to the Monarchy as enslaving the colonies and its people, helped establish equal rights for all minorities . It was his words that helped minorities win the case the first of equal rights in the Supreme Court in 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that separate but equal accommodations were constitutional. (Hendrickson 2)Works CitedArnold, H. J. ed. The life of Thomas Jefferson. From Revolution to ReconstructionHTML project. http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/ (November 16, 2005)Lauter, Paul, ed. The Heath Anthology of American Literature: Volume A. Boston, MA:Houghton Mifflin Company. (2006)The Government Archives. http://www.archives.gov/. (November 5, 2005)Hendrickson, B. The Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement. NAACP: Voices inAmerica.http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/projects/discrimination/AfricanAmerican/cvrights.html. (November 11, 2005)VanSpanckeren, Kathryn. Democratic Origins and Revolutionary Writers, 1776-1820:Phillis Wheatley (c.1753-1784). An Outline of American Literature. http://www.rlc.dcccd.edu/annex/comm/english/mah8420/ColonialPage.htm. (November 2,2005)

the new guinea cargo plane cult from a socialogicle perspective :: essays research papers

The New Guinea cargo plane cult from a functionalist perspective stresses that the un-industrialization of the cult is due to the developed world not sharing technological advances with the tribe (cult). The tribe leader’s ability to explain the purpose of the cargo planes and the tribe’s inability to succeed with riches like that of the white man had a large affect on the tribe’s belief system. The tribes simple way of life was disturbed by the discovery of cargo planes in the sky, shocking whatever beliefs the tribe had prior to that discovery. It was the conclusion of the leaders or elders of the community that the planes where gifts from there ancestors and that their inability to succeed like other cultures was do to the white man coxing the plane to land in their fields, therefore stealing the riches that the cults ancestors sent to them. The manifest function of the leaders needing to explain what was happening was do to the culture shock the tribe received when the first saw the planes, while however the latent function of the of this was to keep the tribe unified through ignorance. It was the only way to keep a small community of confused people together do to the fact that people do not like to be separated from the people whom they’ve become familiar with. Though the manifest functions of adoring the cargo planes proves to be a shift of blame from the tribe leaders to the white man, the latent function has proved to unify the tribe in faith and in their daily walk of life. Solidarity is their shining light of hope in a world that has left them, however to analyze a group of people from a sociological perspective one must provide more than one perspective. Karl Marx developed the conflict theory and concluded that â€Å"the key to human history is class struggle. In every society, some small group controls the means of production and exploits those who are not in control (Henslin,2004 pg.15)†. According to Karl Marx â€Å"authority that people consider legitimate permeates society on every level.† People whom are in positions of authority will always try to enforce conformity within a community. In the case of the cargo plane cult the people of the community consider the priest as their legitimate authority, authorities that have come to realization that the discovery of the planes questions the knowledge of the priest and could in fact end their position as leaders in their community.

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IMPORTANCE OF PARTNERSHIP When parents and practitioners work together it has a positive impact on children’s development and learning. This can be achieved through communication, learning together (e. g. actively involving fathers) and respecting diversity. Be sure to send a text to parent(s) during the day should their child say/do something cute or just to let them know that you’re both having fun together.You could even send them a picture of the delicious pizza their child just created, for example. Parents then feel included and have peace of mind knowing that their child is happy and healthy. First impressions last and so carers, making you and your home warm and welcoming will immediately put parents at ease. Likewise, parents should also be neat and presentable when meeting a prospective childcarer. A two-way flow of information and knowledge between parents and carers ensure effective communication.Having posters and pictures on display which reiterate the car er’s positive attitude towards social and cultural diversity as state in their Equal Opportunities policy will not only give parents a feel for the environment that their children will be in, but also help children and families to recognise that they are valued. Routines are very important for children as they like to know when certain things are going to happen i. e. mealtimes, sleep time, drop-off and collection etc. – they’re key to establishing a sense of stability and care for children and allowing them to master their environment.Wherever possible, all routines should fit in with parents’ wishes (i. e. attitudes re TV, food and sleeping) and should meet the child’s needs. i. e. incorporating child’s interests in nature by collecting leaves/flowers/sticks/stones on walks and perhaps creating a piece of art with them. Make sure routines are based on each individual child and their specific interests/needs. All children develop different stages at different time, but the general sequence of milestones is the same. This means you’ll need to constantly adapt some routines to accommodate the changing needs of children as they develop.For example, as boys get older they really need a lot more physical activity to burn off the energy they have and so more ball games or longer outdoor activities may be required. Upon arrival in the mornings greet each child individually with a warm voice and smile. Mention or comment on something specific that they’re wearing or carrying. Throughout the day listen to them and don’t rush daily tasks. This will make them feel important and cared for. Sources: Riddall-Leech, S, Home-based Childcare pg 131, Essex, Heinemann EYFS 2008 2. 2 Parents as Partners, Communication

Introduction Of Gibraltar Mine Commerce Essay

Gibraltar mine is the 2nd largest unfastened cavity Cu mine in Canada, which is located near Williams Lake in British Columbia. The Gibraltar sedimentation is a copper-molybdenum porphyritic rock. The chief primary mineral is sulphide mineral Pyrite and Chalcopyrite. As the militias proclamation at December 31, 2008, Gibraltar mine got a mine life to at least 2035. After finishing the Phase I & A ; II undertakings, the Gibraltar mine achieves the capacity of 55,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours. There are two sorts of mineralization ores, which are sulfide ore and oxide ore. The former 1 could be done by the regular mineral processing method, and the latter one should be done by the method called SX/EW ( solvent extraction electro-winning ) . Gibraltar mine besides updated their excavation and processing equipments for the development. Additional, Gibraltar mine has done a great occupation on the environment and sustainability issues.OverviewLocationThe Gibraltar copper-molybdenu m mine is located about 65 km Northwest of Williams Lake in south-central British Columbia with a well-developed substructure. The mine is accessible by a combination of main roads ( 97 ) and paved roads, and it is close to a rail web that provides service for cargo of Cu dressed ores through the Pacific Ocean port of North Vancouver ( Taseko, 2009 ) . Figure 1: Gibraltar – Regional Location ( Beginning: Taseko, 2009 )PropertiesThe Gibraltar mine is the 2nd largest unfastened cavity Cu mine in Canada ( Gibraltar, 2009 ) . The mine is a 46,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours operation with a life of mine mean one-year production of 100 million lbs of Cu and 1.1 million lbs of Mo. The mine is undergoing an enlargement and modernisation undertaking that will increase one-year Cu production capacity to 115 million lbs by 2011 ( Taseko, 2009 ) . Figure 2: The Satellite View of the Gibraltar Mine ( Beginning: Google Earth, 2009 )Brief historyThe development of the mine is as follow ( MREP, 2009 ) , 1910 The Gibraltar ore sedimentation was foremost discovered 1971 Originally built by Placer Development 1972 Began operation, 24 hours/day, 7 yearss a hebdomad 1998 Shutdown by Boliden due to the low Cu monetary values after 26 old ages operation 1999 Acquired by Taseko Mines Limited ( 100 % ) , put on standby 2003 Copper monetary values begin to increase, explorative boring plan began 2004 Reopened, and the SX-EW works was being restarted 2006 An extended boring plan discovered extra 30 % of militias 2008 Gibraltar proven and likely militias are increased by 28 % to 472 million metric tons, or 2.7 billion lbs of recoverable Cu widening mine life to 2035 ( Gibraltar, 2009 ) 2009 Prosperity Environmental Assessment study is submitted to both Provincial and Federal authoritiessGeologyFigure 3: Gibraltar – Minesite layout ( Beginning: InfoMine, 2009 ) The Gibraltar sedimentation is a copper-molybdenum porphyritic rock. The chief primary mineral is sulphide mineral Pyrite and Chalcopyrite. The ore occurs in seven detached zones, all within a 204 million twelvemonth old flinty stone. The mineralized zones are Gibraltar East, Pollyanna, Gibraltar West, Gibraltar West Extension, Gibraltar North, Connector and Granite Lake ( MREP, 2009 ) . â€Å" The cavities occur within the Granite Mountain batholite in a wide zone of shearing and change. The Sawmill zone lies about 6 kilometres to the South, along the southern border of the batholite, within a complex contact zone between the batholite and Cache Creek Group stones † ( InfoMine, 2009 ) . The mine site covers about 109 square kilometres and consists chiefly of 251 mineral claims and 30 excavation rentals ( InfoMine, 2009 ) . When the mine restarted in 2004, militias were merely 149 million metric tons, or about 12 old ages of mine life. The mission for the Gibraltar mine direction squad is to increase militias and widen the mine life. Over the past four old ages, over $ 20 million has been spent on three major drill plans, each plan ensuing in a important addition to turn out and likely militias. The most recent drill plan, in the spring and summer of 2008, resulted in a 28 % addition to turn out and likely militias, as announced in December 2008. Under present militias, the mine is expected to stay in current operation state of affairs until at least 2035. Here is the proclamation at December 31, 2008. Table 1: Calpe Militias and Resources at December 31, 2008 Class ( at 0.20 % Cu Cut-off ) Size ( M Tonnes ) Class Recoverable Metallic element Contained Metallic element Cu ( % ) Mo ( % ) Cu ( B pound ) Cu ( B pound ) Proven & A ; Probable Militias 472 0.315 0.008 2.7 3.0 Measured & A ; Indicated Resources 959 0.298 0.008–5.7 ( Beginning: Gibraltar, 2009 )FinanceTaseko Mines Limited Owns the 100 % of the Gibraltar mine ‘s involvement. The production of the Gibraltar mine is showed as below: Table 2: Summary of the Operating Statisticss Q2 20091 Fiscal 20082 Fiscal 2007 Entire metric tons mined ( 1000000s ) 14.8 51.8 35.4 Metric tons of ore milled ( 1000000s ) 6.5 13.6 9.5 Depriving ratio 1.2 2.7 2.6 Copper class ( % ) 0.35 0.351 0.328 Molybdenum class ( % ) 0.011 0.009 0.011 Copper recovery ( % ) 83.0 75.8 77.5 Molybdenum recovery ( % ) 30.6 31.8 29.6 Copper production ( 1000000s lb ) 39.0 76.9 51.8 Molybdenum production ( 1000s lb ) 404 840 580 Copper production costs, cyberspace of by merchandise credits, per pound of Cu US $ 0.94 US $ 1.87 US $ 1.03 Off belongings costs for conveyance, intervention ( smelting & A ; refinement ) & A ; gross revenues per pound of Cu US $ 0.29 US $ 0.43 US $ 0.35 Entire hard currency costs of production per pound of Cu US $ 1.23 US $ 2.30 US $ 1.38 Notes to postpone: 1 Q2 2009 relates to the 6 months stoping June 30, 2009 2 Fiscal 2008 relates to the 15 months stoping December 31, 2008. ( Beginning: Taseko, 2009 ) From the above tabular array, we can happen that the depriving ration of the Gibraltar mine is at a significantly reduced compared with the anterior old ages. Harmonizing the Taseko mines Second Quarter Results, the Gibraltar mine â€Å" operated for the first six months of 2009 under a program initiated in November 2008, based on 45,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours factory † ( Taseko, 2009 ) . â€Å" This new operational program along with worsening input costs, and the realisation of the Phase I enlargement, resulted in well reduced costs compared to prior old ages. The mine is presently reexamining a return to lodge mean strip ratio based on recent strength in Cu and molybdenum demand and corresponding additions in metal monetary values † ( Taseko, 2009 ) . As known, the market of metals suffered a historical hardest clip during 2008 and 2009, due to the planetary fiscal crisis. However, the entire hard currency cost of production per pound of Cu of Gibraltar mine declined aggressively to US $ 1.23 in 2009. Therefore, even though the monetary value of Cu has declined, Gibraltar ‘s net income border has still improved.MiningMining OperationMining at Gibraltar is carried out utilizing conventional unfastened cavity methods in the Pollyanna on the east side of the belongings, which is 1.8 kilometer long by 0.7 kilometers at its widest point. Drilling is done by a fleet of 3 rotary blast hole drills, which drill 32 centimeter diameter holes and 15 m deep. Blasting is done two to three times a hebdomad and creates 13.7 m high benches in the cavity wall ( MREP, 2009 ) . â€Å" Blasted ore is loaded by one of three P & A ; H shovels into one of 11 draw trucks that hold between 205 and 240 metric tons each. They haul the ore about 2.4 kilometers to a gyratory crusher located above the cavity near the factory edifice. The draw trucks transport most waste stone to dumps along the north wall of the Pollyanna cavity where they are bit by bit make fulling in the cavity. Some waste stone that contains oxidized Cu mineral ore is hauled out of the cavity to a reserve for polishing procedure † ( MREP, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the Annual General Meeting Presentation, the building for the Phase I enlargement and modernisation was completed in January 2008, accomplishing 46,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours steady province. And Phase II enlargement undertaking was completed in March 2009, to increase the capacity to 55,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours ( Gibraltar, 2009 ) .Mining EquipmentGibraltar mine acquired new excavation equipment in topograph ic point to manage higher factory rates, as below. Figure 4: New Mining truck – 240 ton TEREX MT 4400AC ( Beginning: TEREX, 2009 ) Figure 5: New Mining Shovel – P & A ; H 4100C Electric MS ( Beginning: Zlotnikov, 2009 ; P & A ; H Mining Equipment, 2009 )ProcedureFigure 6: Mill Flowsheet of Gibraltar Mine ( Beginning: Gibraltar, 2008 )Comminution ProcedureComminution is a procedure, which breaks the stone from big balls into smaller pieces and so to finer atoms. There are crushers used for interrupting the big stones and bomber to finer atoms. In Gibraltar mine, the new provender & A ; crunching circuit described as, ROM goes in to a gyratory crusher ( 54Ãâ€"74 ) followed by four parallel secondary crushers ( 13Ãâ€"84 ) in closed circuit. Then, the crushed ores are conveyed into the 34 pess SAG factory through a 45A ° conveyor at a rate of 49,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours. The ore was distributed to 6 ball factory circuits, which pulverize the ore to sand. Then, the stuff discharged from Millss is separated by hydro-cyclones ( The flood & lt ; 0.5mm, underflow & gt ; 0.5mm ) . In add-on, there are 2 re-grinding factory, which are used to cut down the rougher floatation merchandises from under 0.5 millimeter to under 0.1 millimeter ( Chen, 2008 ) .Flotation ProcedureThe froth floatation is really a physical procedure that uses wetting agents and wetting reagents to increase the hydrophobicity of the minerals. The sulfide minerals, such as copper pyrites and peacock ore, are water-resistant ( hydrophobic ) . Ther efore, foams are added to the slurry to do aggregator ( bubbles ) stronger adequate to keep the affiliated minerals to the surface ( EduMine, 2009 ) . From the Millss the slurry is piped into floatation cells, which float a assorted Cu and moly dressed ore, which is piped to a Mo floatation circuit where the moly and Cu dressed ores are separated. These dressed ores pass through a thickening before being dried. In the Copper-Moly Separation Circuit, NaHS is added in this circuit as a Cu sedative in order to forestall the Cu from drifting. Meanwhile, the moly can still drift ( Chen, 2008 ) . Figure 7: Original and Modernized Flotation Circuit ( Beginning: Gibraltar, 2009 )Polishing ProcedureIn the early phase, Gibraltar besides operated a SX/EW ( solvent extraction electro-winning ) works on site to retrieve cathode Cu from Cu oxide minerals, viz. azurite, malachite, chalcocite and cuprite. The procedure involved fade outing these minerals in sulfuric acid with the aid of of course happening bacteriums in out-of-door hemorrhoids of waste stone, followed by electroplating the dissolved Cu metal from the acid in the enclosed refinery edifice. Gibraltar ‘s SX/EW works produced around 38,430 metric tons of cathode Cu from 1986 to 1999. The installation was reopened in 2007 and is one time once more bring forthing Cu cathode at a rate of 1.1 million kgs per twelvemonth ( MREP, 2009 ) . The chiefly intent of the SX/EW works is to pull out Cu from the pregnant leach solutions ( PLS ) collected from the site ‘s leach mopess and heap leach tablet. â€Å" The procedure takes PLS and extracts the Cu in three extraction mixer-settlers. The Cu is extracted through a liquid ion-exchange reagent carried in kerosine. † The Cu is selectively transferred to the organic stage, due to the chemical reaction. The laden organic stage is separated and flows to a strip mixer-settler where the Cu is transferred from the organic to the electrolyte. â€Å" The electrolyte is filtered and heated before being passed through the electro-winning cells where the Cu is plated out on chromium steel steel cathodes. Sporadically, the cathodes are removed from the cells, washed and the Cu sheets automatically harvested. The attendant high quality cathode Cu is bundled and sold † ( InfoMine, 2009 ) .ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITYGibraltar Mine besides locates in the bosom of BC ‘s Cariboo Chilcotin tableland, which is a high interior part of assorted cone-bearing woods and grasslands. â€Å" It is home to many different types of wild animate beings, cervid, moose, reindeer, black bears, wolves, every bit good as farm animal. † The intent of Gibraltar ‘s renewal program is to return the site to the wild animate beings. In 1999, an environmental appraisal complete when Taskeo bought the mine concluded the cost to be $ 32.7 million for both renewal and H2O direction. Final inside informations have non been mapped out, but so far grass and legume vegetive screens have been established on disturbed land to instantly command air current eroding and supply eatage ( MREP, 2009 ) . Meanwhile, Gibraltar formed a successful partnership with the Cariboo Regional District ( CRD ) , which designed, built ( 2003 ) and now maintains a landfill on one of the mine ‘s waste stone shit. The landfill accepts 13,000 metric tons of family waste from CRD communities each twelvemonth ( MREP, 2009 ) . The public gave a agree ballot to the landfill site plan, because they believed that set uping such a installation at a mine site would be environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, and could be developed as a public private partnership ( InfoMine, 2009 ) . â€Å" Under the understanding, Gibraltar would stay responsible for the waste stone and drainage below the landfill and the Cariboo Regional District would be responsible for the air infinite above the waste stone † ( InfoMine, 2009 ) . The benefits of set uping the landfill at the Gibraltar mine ‘s waste stone shit are legion: ( InfoMine, 2009 ) Located on industrial land, with no demand to construct roads and upset new land, environmental impact and extra cost of building were eliminated. Large on-site mine equipment could construct the landfill at half the cost. The landfill would congratulate mine renewal. The mine ‘s extended surface and groundwater monitoring system would besides function the landfill.DecisionPut a short decision, non like Fisher!

Community General Hospital Essays

Community General Hospital Essays Community General Hospital Essay Community General Hospital Essay Essay Topic: General Dr Noland Wright, newly appointed manager of Community General Hospital, sighed as he reviewed the hospital’s financial records. He had been given the responsibility of leading the hospital’s next steps, but was perplexed by the financial condition highlighted in the financial statements before him. His training was in medicine, not business, and he had recently taken early retirement. He had been talked into taking Community’s reins by some old friends who live a few miles away from the facility. Community General Hospital had initially begun in 1914 as Whittaker Memorial hospital, a community-run hospital serving the black population of Newport News, Virginia. To meet the needs of an economic expansion of the community largely due to increased commercial activity during World War II, the hospital expanded facilities and scope through federal funding. In the 1940’s the hospital increased its census and gained accreditation by the America College of Surgeons. In the 1950’s and 60’s the hospital enjoyed a bustling business in the segregated health care industry. With the advent of the desegregation movement in the 1960’s, the hospital experienced several threats as black physicians gained the ability to admit patients to the large and better equipped traditionally ‘white’ hospitals in the area. The civic organization that governed the hospital began to be concerned for the hospital’s survival. It was experiencing a falling census, a deteriorating reputation concerning the quality of its health care, and picked up the reputation of being ‘public’ hospital (which it was not). While the City of Newport News was willing to help, it was unwilling to acquire full responsibility for the costs of a public hospital. During the 1970’s, the hospital drew on an emergency fund set up by the city. Throughout the 1970’s, the hospital suffered from losses and bad debts. By 1982 the civic board that guided the hospital became inactive. The following year, the last of the segregation practices ended by court order at the large surrounding hospitals. Few patients desired to be admitted to the small, modestly equipped hospital, preferring the larger, modern hospitals they now had access to. The hospitals ended 1983 with a $402,000 budget deficit. Suppliers began demanding cash payment for purchases. Employee layoffs, tightening of admission criteria, and refusal of non-paying patients were some of the steps taken to alleviate the dire financial situation. It was hoped that a new facility, new location and a future change of name to  Community General Hospital would help the hospital to survive. A $15 million bond issue and $1. 5 million in the community pledges the hospital to continue to operate. At the end of 1984 the fund deficit was $749,000. Private healthcare management firms were solicited for help, but these efforts were short-lived. In july 1985, Community General Hospital was dedicated, with a new facility and equipment, and a higher occupancy rate. Between 1979 and 1985, seven different administrators had been in charge of the hospital. Continued losses after 1985, and continued difficulty in retaining continuous management, convinced the hospital’s supporters to seek some solution to the ongoing problems. Political avenues were tried with some success, but did not last. The sale of the hospital to a doctors’ investment group was considered, but the hospital’s supporters ultimately rejected the deal. By 1990 the debt was in excess of $20 million. The ‘board’ of supporters agreed to file for bankruptcy. The Guarantor of the mortgage, the hospital continued to operate as the board sough affiliations with other area hospital. The quality ratings for the hospital continued to suffer. In 1993 the hospital was granted its bankruptcy petition. HUD settled for $4 million, and other creditors were held at bay. Political solutions for Community General’s future were sought, but ultimately, did not help the hospital’s condition. Administrators were hired, but their tenures were short-lived. By mid 1996 the hospital was again running a large fund deficit and was seeking direction in what appeared to be a rather hopeless situation.

The Human Genome Progect essays

The Human Genome Progect essays Begun in 1990, the U.S. Human Genome Project is a 13-year effort coordinated by the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. The project originally was planned to last 15 years, but effective resource and technological advances have accelerated the expected completion date to 2003. Project goals are to; identify all the (approx) 30,000 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, store this information in databases, improve tools for data analysis, transfer related technologies to the private sector, and address the ethical, legal and social issues that may arise from the project. In June 2000, scientists announced biologys most stunning achievement: the generation of a working draft sequence or the entire human genome. In addition to serving as a scaffold for the finished version, the draft provides a road map to an estimated 90% of genes on every chromosome and already has enabled gene hunters to pinpoint genes associated with more than 30 disorders. One insight already gleaned from the sequence is that, even on the molecular level, we are more that the sum of our 35,000 or so genes. The human genome contains 3164.7 million chemical nucleotide bases (A, T, C and G). The average gene consists of 3000 bases, but sizes vary greatly, with the largest known human gene being dystrophin at 2.4 million bases. Almost all nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all people. However, the functions are still unknown for over 50% of discovered genes. From the research done in the human genome project we now know how genes are arranged, the human genomes gene-dense urban centers are predominantly composed of the DNA building blocks G and C. In contrast, the gene-poor "deserts" are rich in the DNA building blocks A and T. GC- and AT-rich regions usually can be seen through a microscope as light and dark bands on chromosomes. Genes ...

Battle of Copenhagen in the Napoleonic Wars

Battle of Copenhagen in the Napoleonic Wars Battle of Copenhagen - Conflict Date: The Battle of Copenhagen was fought on April 2, 1801, and was part of the War of the Second Coalition (1799-1802). Fleets Commanders: British Admiral Sir Hyde ParkerVice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson20 ships of the line (12 w/ Nelson, 8 in reserve) Denmark-Norway Vice Admiral Olfert Fischer7 ships of the line Battle of Copenhagen - Background: In late 1800 and early 1801, diplomatic negotiations produced the League of Armed Neutrality. Led by Russia, the League also included Denmark, Sweden, and Prussia all of which called for the ability to trade freely with France. Wishing to maintain their blockade of the French coast and concerned about losing access to Scandinavian timber and naval stores, Britain immediately began preparing to take action. In the spring of 1801, a fleet was formed at Great Yarmouth under Admiral Sir Hyde Parker with the purpose of breaking up the alliance before the Baltic Sea thawed and released the Russian fleet. Included in Parkers fleet as second-in-command was Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson, then out of favor due to his activities with Emma Hamilton. Recently married to a young wife, the 64-year old Parker dithered in port and was only coaxed to sea by a personal note from First Lord of the Admiralty Lord St. Vincent. Departing port on March 12, 1801, the fleet reached the Skaw a week later. Met there by diplomat Nicholas Vansittart, Parker and Nelson learned that the Danes had refused a British ultimatum demanding they leave the League. Battle of Copenhagen - Nelson Seeks Action: Unwilling to take decisive action, Parker proposed blockading the entrance to the Baltic despite the fact he would be outnumbered once the Russians could put to sea. Believing that Russia posed the greatest threat, Nelson fervently lobbied Parker to bypass the Danes to attack the Tsars forces. On March 23, after a council of war, Nelson was able to secure permission to attack the Danish fleet which had concentrated at Copenhagen. Entering the Baltic, the British fleet hugged the Swedish coast to avoid fire from the Danish batteries on the opposite shore. Battle of Copenhagen - Danish Preparations: At Copenhagen, Vice Admiral Olfert Fischer prepared the Danish fleet for battle. Unready to put to sea, he anchored his ships along with several hulks in the Kings Channel, near Copenhagen, to form a line of floating batteries. The ships were supported by additional batteries on land as well as the Tre Kroner fortress at the northern end of the line, near the entrance to Copenhagen harbor. Fischers line was also protected by the Middle Ground Shoal which separated the Kings Channel from the Outer Channel. To hinder navigation in these shallow waters, all navigation aids were removed. Battle of Copenhagen - Nelsons Plan: To assault Fischers position, Parker gave Nelson the twelve ships of the line with the shallowest drafts, as well as all of the fleets smaller vessels. Nelsons plan called for his ships to turn into the Kings Channel from the south and have each ship attack a predetermined Danish vessel. As the heavy ships engaged their targets, the frigate HMS Desiree and several brigs would rake the southern end of the Danish line. To the north, Captain Edward Riou of HMS Amazon was to lead several frigates against the Tre Kroner and land troops once it had been subdued. While his ships were fighting, Nelson planned for his small flotilla of bomb vessels to approach and fire over his line to strike the Danes. Lacking charts, Captain Thomas Hardy spent the night of March 31 covertly taking soundings near the Danish fleet. The next morning, Nelson, flying his flag from HMS Elephant (74), ordered the attack to begin. Approaching the Kings Channel, HMS Agamemnon (74) ran around on the Middle Ground Shoal. While the bulk of Nelsons ships successfully entered the channel, HMS Bellona (74) and HMS Russell (74) also ran aground. Battle of Copenhagen - Nelson Turns a Blind Eye: Adjusting his line to account for the grounded ships, Nelson engaged the Danes in a bitter three-hour battle that raged from around 10:00 AM until 1:00 PM. Though the Danes offered heavy resistance and were able to shuttle reinforcements from the shore, superior British gunnery slowly began to turn the tide. Standing offshore with the deeper draft ships, Parker was unable to accurately see the fighting. Around 1:30, thinking that Nelson had been fought to a standstill but was unable to retreat without orders, Parker ordered the signal for break off action hoisted. Believing that Nelson would ignore it if the situation warranted, Parker thought he was giving his subordinate an honorable reprieve. Aboard Elephant, Nelson was stunned to see the signal and ordered it acknowledged, but not repeated. Turning to his flag captain Thomas Foley, Nelson famously exclaimed, You know, Foley, I only have one eye - I have the right to be blind sometimes. Then holding his telescope to his blind eye, he continued, I really do not see the signal! Of Nelsons captains, only Riou, who could not see Elephant, obeyed the order. In attempting to break off fighting near the Tre Kroner, Riou was killed. Shortly thereafter, the guns towards the southern end of the Danish lines began falling silent as the British ships triumphed. By 2:00 Danish resistance had effectively ended and Nelsons bomb vessels moved into position to attack. Seeking to end the fighting, Nelson dispatched Captain Sir Frederick Thesiger ashore with a note for Crown Prince Frederik calling for a cessation of hostilities. By 4:00 PM, after further negotiations, a 24-hour ceasefire was agreed upon. Battle of Copenhagen - Aftermath: One of Nelsons great triumphs, the Battle of Copenhagen cost the British 264 dead and 689 wounded, as well as varying degrees of damage to their ships. For the Danes, casualties were estimated at 1,600-1,800 killed and the loss nineteen ships. In the days after the battle, Nelson was able negotiate a fourteen-week armistice during which the League would be suspended and the British given free access to Copenhagen. Coupled with the assassination of Tsar Paul, the Battle of Copenhagen effectively ended the League of Armed Neutrality. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of CopenhagenHistory of War: Battle of CopenhagenAdmiral Nelson.org: Battle of Copenhagen

Consumer Driven Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer Driven Health Care - Essay Example Consumer Driven Health Care (CDHC) is a three-tier health insurance plan that allows individuals to use their health savings accounts, out-of-pocket payments or health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs), to pay for health care expenses (Collin et. al., 2005). CDHC allows members to pay for health care services in this way while still their health insurance policy pays for more expensive medical expenses. Health Insurance is highly deductable and costs less when used to pay for health care expenses but for routine health care expenses, an individual pays directly for the expenses through a pre funded account provided by a bank or an insurance plan. 2.0 Goal of Consumer Driven Health Care Consumer driven health care gives an individual the opportunity to pay for routine medical expenses using consumer controlled account instead of the highly deductable fixed health insurance. This is an advantage to the patients because it allows them to have a greater control on their health care budgets. In this consumer driven health care plan, individuals have a role in decision making regarding the care they receive. Patients are able to ask about the cost of a treatment and choose a treatment option that is less expensive. This consumer directed health plan also advices employees on cost and selection of quality services, which enables employees to make informed decisions on their health care (Rowe, et. al., 2008, pp.12-19).... care gives an individual the opportunity to pay for routine medical expenses using consumer controlled account instead of the highly deductable fixed health insurance. This is an advantage to the patients because it allows them to have a greater control on their health care budgets. In this consumer driven health care plan, individuals have a role in decision making regarding the care they receive. Patients are able to ask about the cost of a treatment and choose a treatment option that is less expensive. This consumer directed health plan also advices employees on cost and selection of quality services, which enables employees to make informed decisions on their health care (Rowe, et. al., 2008, pp.12-19). Through the national health care plan, low income earners can also enjoy the benefits of having the consumer driven health care plan because they will be able to afford the health care services. Health care providers respond to the high consumer enrollment to the health plan by fu rther providing quality services at cost effective prices. 3.0 Disadvantage of Consumer Driven Health Care Employees that are enrolled into the consumer driven health care plan tend to pay more for health care services because of the out of pocket payment, compared to those enrolled in traditional payment plans (Collins et. al., 2005, pp.8-23). Low income employees are highly negatively affected by this health care payment plan than high income earners. This is because these employees face the risk of high out of pocket payments and most opt not to receive treatment because of the high expenses. This leads to more ill workers that and has a long-term consequence both to the worker and the employer. Delaying or skipping treatment due to high health care costs affects negatively on an

What impact has sustainable design had on the cosmetics industry in Essay

What impact has sustainable design had on the cosmetics industry in the UK - Essay Example The sheer amount of cosmetics spent during the year clearly indicates how the future design would impact this industry. The major purpose of this study is to analyse and understand how the sustainable design may have an impact on the cosmetic industry in UK. The intended objectives of this research is to understand and analyze the impact of design on the cosmetic industry in UK therefore from its basic orientation, this research study will be qualitative in nature. A qualitative research study is conducted when the research objectives include the understanding of the meanings, understanding the ideas, values and belief systems which are understood mostly through subjective study of different variable. The subject of sustainable design is relatively new in the cosmetics industry therefore it may be difficult to obtain latest information on the subject. Since, this research will be qualitative in nature therefore data will be gathered by surfing through the available literature on the subject. This would include studying the relevant available texts as well as case studies on the subjects including peer reviewed journals, surfing the websites of L’Oreal, Body Shop and The design Council etc. This study will also be base don the cross-sectional data from international firms in order to draw different parallels to UK’s cosmetic industry which will then be applied to the cosmetics industry of UK. Apart from this, the researcher also intends to conduct an interview with the marketing manager of the Body Shop. This interview will be based on development of a small open ended questionnaire which will be filled by the marketing manger. Apart from this interview and study and analyses of the available research on the topic, there will be no other methods of qualitative research will be applied. This research study will basically attempt to identify different parameters which can collectively produce and impact on the cosmetic industry in UK.

Contract law coursework - Consideration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract law coursework - Consideration - Essay Example The fact that past consideration cannot constitute valid consideration was depicted in Eastwood v Kenyon2. In this case the guardian of a young girl obtained a loan in order to defray the cost of her education. After the completion of her education this girl entered holy wedlock. Her husband agreed to repay the loan. The court opined that the guardian of the girl was not entitled to enforce the promise because of the fact that the loan was availed by him to educate the girl constituted past consideration which had been completed long before her husband had made the promise to repay this loan. However, in Pau On v. Lau Yiu Long past consideration was deemed to be good consideration. In this case the court decided that for a new contract, an advantage that was bestowed or a disadvantage that had been undergone in the past could be deemed to be valuable consideration if payment was forthcoming. Further, the court opined that commercial pressure cannot be considered to be coercion if it is a reasonable business practice3. In all such exceptional cases the original act should have been conducted by the promisee at the behest of the promisor; an unambiguous perception should exist between the parties that remuneration would be made available for performing the contract and the promisee should have agreed to these terms, prior to receiving the consideration, which must be enforceable as a legally binding contract. In the month of February road repair work commenced in front of Tommy’s establishment. This made access to Tommy’s establishment difficult and resulted in a drastic reduction of business. The Arcadia Company consented to reduce the rent, for a period of three months, to  £30 per week. The road repair work was over at the end of three months and normalcy was restored. However, due to the road repair work a lot of dust had accumulated and Tommy was compelled to engage

Water clock Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water clock - Research Paper Example However this is not the case and many experiments are underway all around the globe to find the best product possible which can wake up an individual as ordinary alarms do not do the trick when it comes to waking them up from sleep. The product that has been chosen for the sake of this paper is that of a water clock which is in the form of a top lamp. It aims to spill water on to the sleeper if he does not get up and avoids using the alarm so that he could get an extra dose of sleep in the early hours of the morning. This paper will discuss the basis of a water clock and how it has been studied from the aspect of four dimensions of the marketing – product, price, place and promotion. The water clock runs with electricity and is basically an alarm clock. It is different from other clocks because it has a water tank fitted inside it. However this water tank is small in size and does not take that much space. The water clock is an interesting idea because it helps the sleeper to wake up and get on his toes immediately. The basic intention is to make him feel all soggy so that shall wake him up quickly. Some people find it hard to digest the fact that they would be spilled with water so early in the morning; however the advantages of such a water clock cannot be denied at all, especially if the sleeper believes in having deep sleep patterns. The water clock acts as a deterrent to sleeping for long period of time, thus offering a chance to the sleeper to be on his toes instantly. As far as comparing it with other products in the market is concerned, the water clock acts as a product that is one step ahead of them. Other products make use of the cell (alkaline battery ) technology while this water clock is run through electricity alone. Hence if the cells go off in the middle of the night, the sleeper can still be assured that his water clock will wake him up early in the morning, at his own designated time. The

Strategic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic - Assignment Example Currently, the company is the second-largest corporate organization in the world in terms of revenue after Samsung and is one of the most valuable brands having gained consumer loyalty and trust through good business practice over the years. In order to ascertain the degree of globalization within a particular industry, there are four main drivers that need to be analyzed and these include: market drivers, competitive drivers, government drivers and cost drivers. Market drivers seek to demonstrate customer behaviors in relation to company products in the market domain. Consumers are the major players in the industry as they determine the demand for market commodities and influence the decisions of the manufactures. The global consumers’ needs tend to converge at the same point. Cost drivers attributes to the aspects of competition among industry leaders at a regional or national level. The different dynamics that come into play in the course of operation depending on the region of operation. The convergence of consumer needs is one of the most important elements in any business venture. The dynamics of these common tastes and preferences may vary by product from one region to another basing on cultural practices, disposable incomes, and the homogeneity of the target population in reference to a particular product. Apple Inc. as an international organization offers the same product but differentiates it to suit the specific needs and preference of the society under operation. There is need for the product to be modified in a very professional way to maintain its brand identity while at the same time blending with the cultures, tastes and preferences of their specific target market in their various markets across the globe. Apple mobile manufacturing company has been keen in redesigning and customizing their electronic devices to suit the specific needs of its current market.

Water clock Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water clock - Research Paper Example However this is not the case and many experiments are underway all around the globe to find the best product possible which can wake up an individual as ordinary alarms do not do the trick when it comes to waking them up from sleep. The product that has been chosen for the sake of this paper is that of a water clock which is in the form of a top lamp. It aims to spill water on to the sleeper if he does not get up and avoids using the alarm so that he could get an extra dose of sleep in the early hours of the morning. This paper will discuss the basis of a water clock and how it has been studied from the aspect of four dimensions of the marketing – product, price, place and promotion. The water clock runs with electricity and is basically an alarm clock. It is different from other clocks because it has a water tank fitted inside it. However this water tank is small in size and does not take that much space. The water clock is an interesting idea because it helps the sleeper to wake up and get on his toes immediately. The basic intention is to make him feel all soggy so that shall wake him up quickly. Some people find it hard to digest the fact that they would be spilled with water so early in the morning; however the advantages of such a water clock cannot be denied at all, especially if the sleeper believes in having deep sleep patterns. The water clock acts as a deterrent to sleeping for long period of time, thus offering a chance to the sleeper to be on his toes instantly. As far as comparing it with other products in the market is concerned, the water clock acts as a product that is one step ahead of them. Other products make use of the cell (alkaline battery ) technology while this water clock is run through electricity alone. Hence if the cells go off in the middle of the night, the sleeper can still be assured that his water clock will wake him up early in the morning, at his own designated time. The

Middle East Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Middle East Story - Essay Example Mariam is Muslim and Tony is Christian. I personally believe this change greatly changes the story and makes it even more impossible for Mariam and Tony to be together. Also, it is important to note that the story does take place in 2006. America and the Muslim world is at a point where any communication leads to inevitable misunderstanding and yet, Tony, an American Christian soldier falls in love with the Islamic Qatari Mariam. I really like my modernized version of the play. I feel that since there is so much hostility between the Americans and the Muslims, showing a play where both sides want to give up what they stand for and just be devoted to each other shows that love prevails over all. Throwing dirt on others does not make us a better person; and violence is definitely not the answer to all questions. Middle East Story shows that life is short, and questions, is it wise to spend a short life hating and killing those who disagree with our viewpoint In my modernized version, Tony does die. I felt it was important for Tony to die, because even after he dies, Mariam shows her affection for him. She covers his face with her head covering, her identity of being a Muslim. I felt this was a very powerful scene in the play. This play is based on the musical, West Side Story, and I have attempted to modernize it by making a few... Mariam is the sister of Qatar's Islamic groups' leader, Ibrahim. Ibrahim wants Qatar to be independent of the American soldiers because he fears the Americans would Westernize the Qataris and cause trouble. From the start it is established that Mariam's family is against the American soldiers. Tony, the guy with whom Mariam meets and falls in love, is an American soldier. This racial difference is very difficult to deal with. The American soldiers pity the Qataris whom the Americans believe are living a backwards life. The American soldiers believe women should have more freedom and the country overall should be more open-minded. The lack of understanding between both races leads to hatred; the American soldiers stationed in Qatar and the members of the Islamic groups have a hard time tolerating each other. A social class difference also exists between Mariam and Tony. Mariam comes from a very wealthy family. Her family owns a big house and she enjoys a comfortable lifestyle. Tony, on the other hand, comes from a middle class family. He lives in an apartment and does not enjoy a luxurious lifestyle. According to Qatar standards, a girl that comes from a wealthy family is supposed to be married to a man who is either of equal financial status or preferably richer. The last and major difference is the religion difference. This difference is not mentioned in the West Side Story. Mariam is a Muslim woman and Tony is a Christian man. According to Islam, it is not permissible for Mariam to get married to Tony. Also, Mariam came from a family that was religiously active and consistently reinforced the teachings and principles of Islam. Theme The whole play revolves around conflicts between the

Significant quotes of the puritans Essay Example for Free

Significant quotes of the puritans Essay 1. â€Å"I can remember the time when I used to sleep quietly without workings in my thoughts, whole nights together, but now it is other ways with me. † Author: Mary Rowlandson, from The Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson The work, published in 1682, is an important one in that it chronicles Mary Rowlandson’s capture and subsequent captivity by Indians. Her tale is at once frightening and enlightening. This phrase highlights the problems she encounters when she is finally brought back to her home. It clearly signifies the loss of her innocence and trust (not only in her fellow man but the British soldiers who were unable to get her back) and the hard reality of life wherein one must always be alert for signs of danger. The experience of her captivity forever changed her and she was never able to forget the atrocities she suffered. 2. â€Å"Heav’ns whelmed-down Crystal meal Bowl†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Author: Edward Taylor, from Meditation 8. This work is an excellent example of the type of â€Å"metaphysical poetry† which was a popular writing form of England in the 1600’s although it was written by an American Puritan. The author took a religious concept and used vivid, often strange, imagery to portray his vision of religion, God and heaven. Whelmed-down refers to the hollowed-out shape of a drain and the phrase elicits an image of a giant crystal bowl turned upside down in the skies. 3. â€Å"And ever with your prey still catch your praise† Author: Anne Bradstreet, from The Prologue. Considered â€Å"The Gentlewoman of New England†, Anne Bradstreet was the first professional poet in the new world. She wrote often of politics and religion in her rhyming poetry although she was not considered to have a wealth of talent. It is astonishing to note that most of her poetry was written while she was in her 20’s and responsible for maintaining a household in the harsh conditions of Andover as well as being the young wife to a husband involved in matters of church and state in Massachusetts.

The marketing activities of nestle

The marketing activities of nestle 1. INTRODUCTION In this report we are trying to investigate and analyse the Marketing activities of NESTLE. We have analysed the marketing strategies of nestle through identification of the Organisation Orientation, understanding the impact of the Marketing Mix, SWOT analysis and Competitive Advantage. 1.1 HISTORY OF NESTLE Nestle is one of the major food and beverages company in the world. It was established in 1867 by Henry Nestle, who was a trained pharmacist. The introduction of the company in the market was through the development of an alternative source of infant nutrition for mothers who were unable to breast feed and named it as Farine Lactee Nestle. He chose his surname Nestle which means a little nest for his companys name logo. In 1904 Nestle introduced its chocolates in the market. But when the availability of raw materials reduced during the First World War, Nestle purchased lot of factories in U.S and increased their production to twice as their pre-war production. Immediately, after the end of the war consumers switched back their choice to fresh milk due to which Nestle recorded its first loss. However they streamlined their operations and brought production in line with sales and thereby dropping the debts. The 1930s saw Nestle introducing several new products like Milo and Nescafe. Nestle achieved considerable growth after the end of Second World War because of diversification within the food sector. The sales of Nescafe instant coffee quadrupled between 1960 and 1974. In 1980s Nestle drew flak from many organizations on account of promotion of infant formula over breast feeding which allegedly led to death of infants in less developed countries. The boycott of Nestle products was suspended in 1984 after Nestle agreed to comply with the international code. Nestle had major acquisitions of the Italian mineral water company San Pellegrino, Spillers Pet Foods in UK in the year 1990s, and Ralston Purina in 2002. Nestle also formed a merger with Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company with the aim of widening its product range and merged its ice cream business with Dreyers in U.S. Since its entrance in the market, Nestle has prospered in various product innovations and business achievements due to which it had become the major Food and Nutrition Company in the world. In 2010, Nestle was also recognised as the top 4th Innovative Company among the Innovative companies for food for by the Fast Company Magazine. Nestle has introduced a wide range of products like chocolates, soups, coffee, cereals, frozen products, yoghurts, mineral water, food products, pet foods, pharmaceutical products and even cosmetics in the family of NESTLE. They diversified beyond food industry by acquiring a major share in LOrà ©al cosmetics and acquired an American pharmaceutical company, Alcon Industries. In all these products one common outcome is the high quality of NESTLE. There are several important rules in the companys strategy. Few of them are mentioned below: While sustaining a balance in terrestrial activities and product lines, the firms goods are grown through innovation and restoration. The priority is given to Long-term prospective rather than to short-term performance. The aim is to deliver the best and most reliable products to people 2. ORGANIZATION ORIENTATION There are different types of business orientations: 2.1 PRODUCTION ORIENTATION Brassington Pettitt (2006:12-19) believe that production orientation emphasizes on availability and affordability of the products and thus production oriented companies concentrate on efficient production and distribution techniques. Jobber (2001: 4) says that production oriented management believes in attaining economies of scale as their primary goal by producing only a small range of products or defining business by its production facilities. In production orientation their key focus is on their current capabilities of production. 2.2 PRODUCT ORIENTATION According to Adcock et, al. (2001:17) product orientation is concentrated on products rather than needs and wants of customers. Companies following product orientation are interested in the quality, design of products which have greater value for money. Brassington Pettitt (2006:12-19) say that these companies assume that the customers are interested in the products and that they are interested in the quality. 2.3 SALES ORIENTATION According to Brassington Pettitt (2006:12-19) sales oriented organizations believes that the products are sold, not bought. They emphasize on personal selling and other sales techniques, assuming that the consumers are reluctant to purchase. Adcock say that sales orientation concentrates on promoting the products and that this is effective only for short time period. 2.4 Marketing Orientation: Adcock (2001) says that market orientation occurs when the customers identify the difference in a company and when all the benefits offered to the customers are measured. According to Jobber (2001) marketing oriented companies focus on the customer needs and for them the opportunities arise from the changing needs of the customers or market. Brassington Pettitt (2006:12-19) believe that an organization which is concentrated in its marketing and production activities with the understanding of the customer needs and satisfaction is market oriented. The main advantage of a company being market oriented is that it would have a higher customer value and there would be a consistency in superior performance in the business. Nestle concentrates on their consumers and tries to understand their physical and emotional desires. They have a wide range of products and consumed by all age groups. Nestle try to understand the economic, geographic and social factors which affects the diets of the consumers and try to concentrate on the nutritional and health value of the products. Example Nestle have used their research and technological expertise to their ice cream products to lower the calories and fats and yet to have the same taste (http://www.nestle.co.uk/ourbrands/productrange/icecream/). They have also introduced sugar free products in their confectioneries like Polo and lower sugar products like Kit Kat Light. Nestle also have concentrated on the lower-income consumers and made their products available at affordable prices while providing a diet compensating the local dietary deficiencies and including relevant nutrition. Nestle also try to understand the motivations, routines, decision making and purchasing habits of the customers by spending time with the people. Example: Nestle employees spent three days living with people in suburbs of Lima in PERU to understand their everyday aspects of their life, and based on their understanding they sold relevant products in the local markets and stalls (http://www.nestle.com/Resource.axd?Id=602C42FE-04D6-4669-BEE1-1027492FE5E8). Another example of Nestlà ©s consumer focus the launch of Jenny Craigs weight management programme in France on 8th March 2010 (Press Release 2010, http://www.nestle.com/MediaCenter/PressReleases/AllPressReleases/Jenny_Craig_launch_in+Euro pe.htm?Tab=2010) and they offer menus and lifestyle advise in response to individual consumer needs. Thus its clear that Nestle is a Market Oriented company since they try to understand the customer or market needs and produce products accordingly to achieve the organizations goals. And they believe that people are the main strength of the company. According to Narver and Slater (1990) marketing orientation comprises of three main components: Customer, Competitor, and inter-functional coordination. Customer orientation includes all the aspects of buyers in the designated area and competitor orientation includes the information about the competitors in the targeted area whereas inter-functional coordination involves the delivery of superior value for the target customers by the efficient use of available resources. 3. MARKETING MIX The Marketing mix is a set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market (Armstrong and Kotler, 2001). This is mainly used by organisations to increase the demand of their products in the market by understanding the customer wants. Most of the marketing practitioners regard marketing mix as a tool as a tool for transaction marketing and the archetype for operational marketing planning The above fig describes how a company could by research and successful adaptation can understand and develop products to match the customers requirements. According to Baker (1999: 303), by understanding and matching the needs of the customers efficient management of marketing mix is possible. 3.2 COMPONENTS OF MARKETING MIX Impact, Positive and Negative 3.2.1 PRODUCT Kotler and Armstrong (2001) define a product as any entity that can be offered to a market by a company for attention, acquisition, use or consumption that might satisfy the needs of their customers. 3.2.1.1. Product Mix Product mix is the total range of products that are manufactured by a company. The major aspects to be considered in product mix are explained below. Research on the reciprocal effects of brand extensions suggests that failure, poor quality, or low typicality of an extension has an adverse effect on the parent brand evaluations (Kumar, 2005:183). In the case of Nestle, the sales of noodles dropped after it introduced Atta noodles in 1996 as the consumer response was adverse. A Nestle brand name on a product is a promise to the customer that it is safe to consume, that it complies with all regulations and that it meets high standards of quality Packaging: Packaging involves designing and developing a cover for a product in order to make it attractive to the consumers. Packaging was just a means for protecting the product in the past, but today increase in competition has resulted in the need to differentiate the product from those of its competitors to attract the customers and to describe the features of the product in order to gain consumer recognition. Poor designs can be one of the reasons for reduction in sales of a product due to less customer satisfaction. Nestle uses very attractive packaging as one of their main marketing strategies. For its efforts, Nestle has won several accolades such as the Silver Star and Best in category as Best Packaging Innovation leading to a significant reduction in household waste by the British Institute of Packaging for the Dairy Box biodegradable tray which is manufactured by using renewable resources. 3.2.1.2. Product Growth Strategies The emphasis in product portfolio analysis is on managing an existing set of products in such a way as to maximise their strengths, but companies also need to look to new products and markets for future growth (Jobber 2007:405).The most efficient way for analysing the opportunities for growth in an organization is the Ansoff Matrix. 3.2.1.3. Market Penetration Market penetration is the process of increasing its customer base in the existing market by winning over the customer base of its competitors for further growth by means of advertisements, promotion, price cutting, differentiation and seeking new segments. This can be achieved by acquisitions in the case of Nestle, when it acquired Kit Kat from Rowntree in 1988 (http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studykit-kat-revitalising-brand-leader7-52-2.php) and Kraft Foods frozen pizza business in March 2010 (http://www.nestle.com/MediaCenter/PressReleases/AllPressReleases/Kraft+pizzas.htm). Nestle became the 2009 processor of the year by growing sales in Nestles SAs operations in the various operations through growth and acquisitions. 3.2.1.4. Product Development Product development involves the development of new product ranges for an already existing market for further growth. One way of product development is replacing the old product with a newer version. Another means of achieving this is to expand its product line thereby providing more choices to the customers. Nestle has opened a global Research and Development Centre in January 2010 for developing a new generation of Cereal based snacks and Biscuits 3.2.1.5. Market Development Market development entails the promotion of new uses of existing products to new customers or the marketing of existing products (and their current uses) to new market segments. Nestle has launched the Jenny Craig weight management programme which is an existing business for the past 10 years in the United States, Australia, Canada and New Zealand to the new market in France in March 2010. 3.2.1.6. Diversification Diversification can be achieved either with related products and markets or unrelated products that are totally unconnected with the existing products and markets. Nestlà ©s Product Diversification is clearly evident from its product portfolio where they have pet foods which are different from the other products. 3.2.1.7. New Product Development Development of new products is vital for the sustenance of any organization as it is essential for their growth. In order to develop a successful product, a company must have an understanding of its customers, the markets in which they operate and its competitors. The figure below shows the key steps involved in a new product development process. Idea Generation The new product development cycle starts with the generation of an idea of the product. The major sources of new product ideas may be internal sources such as the research and development team of the company or external sources like competitors, brainstorming sessions for customers, the suppliers and distributors of the company etc. who can all act as sources of ideas for the organization. Idea Screening This stage involves the careful scrutinizing of the ideas from idea generation stage to select the good ones and drop others by evaluating them against certain general criteria. Concept Development and Testing In this stage a concept of the screened idea is developed. A product concept is the comprehensive version of the idea stated in meaningful consumer terms (Armstrong and Kotler 2001:269). Concept testing involves the evaluation of the performance of the product concept by presenting it to the consumers. Marketing Strategy Development This stage involves the development of a primary marketing strategy based on the product concept before introducing the product into the market. Business Analysis This stage comprises of an analysis of the sales, costs and the projection of profits for the new product to find out whether it satisfies the needs of the company. If it does, then the product moves on to the next stage. Product Development If the product satisfactorily passes the business analysis then it is sent for product development which involves the development of a physical product by the research and development wing of the company. Then this product may undergo rigorous testing to ensure the safety and efficiency of the product. Test Marketing In this stage, the product developed is introduced into a realistic market segment. Test marketing lets the company test the product and its entire marketing programme- targeting and positioning strategy, advertising, distribution, pricing, branding and packaging and budget levels. Commercialization Commercialization of the product involves the introduction of the product into the market. The major factors to be considered in this stage are the timing of launching of the product and the choice of markets to introduce the product. Nestle has been at the forefront of developing new customer- centric health products and their researches are aligned with consumer and business needs. For example, Nestle has made the vital breakthrough in Nutrigenomics, a study of effects of food and the constituents of food on gene expression. The researches in the field have enabled Nestle to achieve targets for developing a diet to manage canine osteoarthritis in an improved manner. 3.2.1.8. Life Cycle of a Product The life cycle of a product consists of four stages: Product development Product introduction Growth Maturity Decline Product development stage starts with the generation of an idea for a new product by the company. Product introduction is the phase where the product is introduced into the market. For example, consider the case of Maggi noodles. Nestle India Ltd. (NIL) introduced Maggi noodles in India in 1982. With its introduction, NIL created an entirely new food category instant noodles in Indian market. Nestle attained the market leadership with this product in its category because of its uniqueness. Maggi Noodles Growth stage involves the period of the product being accepted by the customers and increase in profits of the company. The introduction of a new product can alter the structure of the market by creating new benefits (Shocker, Bayus, Kim 2004:29). At the time of its introduction in India, Maggi noodles enjoyed around 50 percent market share in its segment. Maturity stage is denoted by a fall in sales growth of the product. The profit also falls due to increased expenses incurred for marketing the product efficiently against its competitors. Decline is the stage where the sales of the product decreases and the profits fall drastically. In 1990s, Maggi faced a decline in sales owing to the increase in popularity of its competitors. It was also because of the change in formula of Maggi noodles. NIL reinstated the old formula in 1999 and also launched soups and cooking aids under Maggi Brand name after which the sales increased 3.2.2. PROMOTION Stanton and Futrell (1987:418), describe promotion as an important element of marketing mix which aims in informing and persuading the market about the products and services of the company. According to Baker (1999, 310) the method of communicating the product offer which is made by a company to match the needs of the customers and to persuade them to try the product is Promotion. They feel that the significance of promotion increases when the distance between the producers and customers increase and as the number of customers increase. Promotion activity does not depend on the demand; even if the demand is high promotional activities should go on in order to keep the manufacturers name before the customers. Nestle uses promotion as one of the major source to reach their customers to make them aware of the different products introduced in the market and the value of the products introduced. Promotion Mix according to Armstrong and Kotler (2001:387) also called as marketing communication mix consists of all the promotion tools in a perfect blend which an organisation uses to promote its products. Nestle adopts a promotion mix with a perfect blend of several different promotion tools to promote the value of its product and make the customers aware of their different products. 3.2.2.1. Promotion Tools PERSONAL SELLING: According to Stanton and Futrell (1987: 418), personal selling is mainly used when the market is geographically concentrated (Few customers) and when the products are custom made. It is defined as a face to face communication with buyers in the aim of pursuing the customers to purchase by Simon(). Its a one to one marketing. Tele marketing, door drops inserts, Door to door selling are all techniques used in personal selling. ADVERTISING: Advertising according to Groucutt (2005:215) is to communicate to a specific audience to stimulate action and its success is in the way the right information reaches the right person at the right time. Majaro (1993) say that advertising is any paid form f non-personal communication of products, services or ideas through a commercial media. (Stanton and Futrell, 1987) Promotion through advertising is mainly done when the market is geographically dispersed or when the product is standardised. Nestlà ©s advertisements are well known in the market and they have made sure that the advertisements are attractive through all the possible media. Internet is one of the latest media used by nestle to promote their products, where they have different websites hosted for different products. Different strategies for each product like online competitions and distribution. HOW ADVERTISING WORKS Tim Ambler and Demetrios Vakratsas have formulated a framework for studying how advertising works for a company. They have considered the input to be advertising own and competitive brands. Scheduling the media and message contents are the motivation factors or triggers the consumers response. Cognition, the thinking dimension of a persons response, and affect, the feeling dimension, are portrayed as two major intermediate advertising effects (Ambler, Vakratsas, 1999:26) SALES PROMOTION: Sales promotion represents non- media campaigns such as sampling displays, shows, exhibitions and contests (Majaro, 1993:35). Stanton and Futrell (1987:418) believes that sales promotions one of the fastest growing promotional methods these days. Free samples, Money off coupons, extra value offers buy one get one free, bundling, privilege points are all different methods used in sales promotion. Nestle also uses sales promotion as one of their promotion tools by offering programmes like every day eating coupon codes and discounts and offers for online shopping on nestle products. PUBLICITY: Publicity is a promotional method where the organisation is not paying for the communication about its products and is benefiting from it (Stanton and Futrell 1987:419). This occurs either through a non-personal news story appearing in a mass medium or is delivered by a person in an interview or a speech. Publicity is achieved mainly through public relations activities. According to Jobber (2007) sponsorship provides more opportunities for publicity in the media. Nestle is a well known brand in the market and its fame describes its publicity and the further publicity occurs during various interviews of officials of nestle. Publicity for nestle also occurs during the launch of every new products and when the annual sale reports are published. This publicity obtained by nestle is not by paying any of the media. PUBLIC RELATIONS: According to Groucutt (2005:224) public relations is a means of communication used by organisations to deal directly with the customers and vice versa. There are different departments in organisations which deal with all issues or concerns of the company with any other organisation or individuals. Nestle, public relation activities is evident from how they try to communicate with government organisations as well as the customers about the different issues that they face. Through public relations nestle try to bring to the attention of all the customers and organisations concerned about the various issues or concerns and the current approach they are taking towards these concerns. 3.2.3. PRICE Price is defined as the value of a product that we get in return for all the effort that was taken for its production and also for marketing of the same product. Price is the revenue earner so it is considered as the odd one in the marketing mix. It is also considered as an important market tool which is visible to both customers and competitors (Baker 1985). The price of a product depends on a number of factors like, changes in technology, effect of suppliers, competitive pressure and the increasing price sensitivity of the customers. Price is also directly dependent on the demand of the product. If the demands increase the price will also increase and vice versa. Consumers generally show a keen interest in tracking the prices of the products which they usually purchase. This enables them to analyse the attractiveness of the product and be vigilant about the changes in price of the product, thus enabling them to compare the prices of the product in various stores (Vanhuele and Dreze 2002:72) 3.2.3.1. Pricing of the Product Companies usually do not set a single price, but rather develop a pricing structure that reflects variations in geographical demand and costs, market-segment requirements, purchasing timing, order levels, delivery frequency, guarantees, service contract, and other factors (Kotler, Keller, Brady, Goodman and Hansen: 2009). According to David Jobber, pricing of a product mainly depends on 3 factors: cost, competitor and the market. COST ORIENTED PRICING The most common method of pricing of a product is cost oriented pricing, in which it is divided into full cost pricing which involves the calculating of cost of all labour and materials and direct cost pricing which involves the calculation of only those costs that are likely to rise as output increases. COMPETITOR ORIENTED PRICING The approach to pricing which only depends on the competitor rather than costs when framing a business is called competitor oriented pricing. Every consumer will judge the price of a product by comparing it with a similar product in the same range which is produced by their competitor (Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders and Wong 2001). MARKET ORIENTED PRICING Market oriented pricing is one of the important area which depends on competiveness of a product in the market. For a new product the positioning strategy controls the pricing and for an existing product price will depend on the strategic objectives. 3.2.3.2. Price-Quality Relationships Price is directly dependent on the quality of the product. As the quality of a product increases the price also goes up. Nestle is a quality focused company and hence to compete with current market it need to carry out the pricing process of the product very carefully. Nestle is a very successful company and all its products are at affordable prices. PRODUCT LINE PRICING Most of the companies usually develop product lines rather than single products. In product line pricing the management must decide on the pricing steps to set between various products in a line (Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders and Wong 2001). In product line pricing, cost difference between the product in the line, evaluation of customers and also the competitors products with small price difference is also taken in to account. EXPLICABILITY Explicability is defined as the capability of sales people to explain a high price to customer. In market customer demands the economic justification of product prices. If the sales people fail to give a clear idea of the product development stages, it will reduce the value of product. As Nestle is very innovative it needs a high financial support for its RD and it is not easy to give idea about the product development costs to an ordinary customer. COMPETITION Competition plays an important role in the cost consideration of a product in a business. The main competitors of Nestle are Heinz, Kraft, ConAgra, Mars Incorporated, Hershey, Cadbury, General mills etc. Since all their main competitors are also well branded, they cannot price a product without analysing the competitors pricing. But the main advantages behind their successful pricing are that they are very superior in its market position. NEGOTIATING MARGINS In certain market customer expects a price reduction in some products. Competitive discounts, fast payment discounts an annual volume bonus and other promotional allowances come under this category. Nestle and its negotiations with its suppliers made them to gain a good reasonable margin in all its goods. EFFECT OF DISTRIBUTORS/RETAILERS Well qualified suppliers and efficient retailers is also a factor which affects the price of a product. If a distributor supplies a product with high price or a retailer sells a product in high margin it will cause the variations in price of the products. Nestle itself agreed that their distributors are well developed and hence the company can control the price of its products. POLITICAL FACTORS Nestle sometimes blames the policies of governments for its poor reflection on the exports. Some of the government policies which results in increase in packaging cost makes the product less competitive in the global exporting market. 3.2.4. PLACE Armstrong and Kotler (2001) describes place as the activity of a company to make the products available to the customers. 3.2.4.1. Place Strategies The major factors to be considered while formulating a place strategy are Channels, Coverage, Assortments, Locations, Inventory, Transportation, and Logistics. Channel distribution strategies deal with the decisions on making the products available to the target customers in usable condition. A channel of distribution is the combination of institutions through which a seller markets the products to the user or ultimate consumer (Peter, Donnelly 2004:145). As the time and finances required for setting up a channel of distribution are comparatively high, the place strategies are often critical for the success of a firm. The channels of distribution can be of two different types on the basis of the targeted consumer. It may differ when the end user of the product is a consumer or an organization, the Consumer Marketing Channel and the Business Marketing Channel. Nestle adopts the consumer marketing channel where the products from the producer reaches the consumer through the wholesalers or retailers. Nestle has e-marketing for some of its products where the products reach the consumers directly from the producer. According to Donnelly (2004:150), the channel of distribution strategic decisions are determined on the basis of the following factors. Distribution coverage required Degree of control desired Total distribution cost Channel flexibility Distribution coverage may vary based on the features of the product, the market and the target customers. The company may opt for intensive distribution, selective distribution or exclusive distribution. In the case of intensive distribution, the company tries to sell the product through the maximum number of retailers and wholesalers. In selective distribution, the company may limit the number of wholesalers and retailers which are the best in that market while in the case of exclusive distribution; the manufacturing company may provide exclusive rights for distributing the product to only one or a few distributors. Nestle has adopted intensive distribution strategy in order to make its products available to a large customer base. Nestle products are available through a large number of retail outlets. Besides this, Nestle has also launched an e-shop for promoting its confectionary in Japan which allows the consumers to buy Kit Kat chocolates online. The coverage of Nestle is world-wide as it has a wide distribution channel and several manufacturi

Abortion :: essays research papers

When I think about abortion, I think about my cousin. She had an abortion more than once. As she told me how she regretted having an abortion, I just sat there an listen. She cried everyday on how and what she has done for herself. She wishes that she had ever gotten an abortion. I asked her why and she told me. She said, tan, I messed up my body on the insides and then I realized that I killed my own flesh and blood. After telling me that I felt really bad. That is why that I am so against women getting abortions. I think that it is wrong for a woman to get an abortion. A lot of women think that having an abortion is the right way to get rid of a child that they do not want. Well, I think that it is just wrong for them to do that. How can a woman kill her own child, which is just very sad and hurting? If a woman gets an abortion she is not only killing a child, but also messing up the insides of her body. When getting an abortion, women will still be going through a lot of pain. As women take that unborn child from her womb, she will still be through a lot of pain. So, if women are going to get an abortion, they might as well go ahead and carry that child for nine months. Women will still be going through the same pain, but the good thing about it is that a woman will not be killing a child. Some younger women make-up excuses that they do not want the child. They say they cannot afford to have a child right now. My opinion is that if they are complaining that they do not want that child, then they should not have lain down and gave themselves to men. Another reason is that a woman has gotten raped. But, that is still not a reason to kill another human being. If that woman was raped and became pregnant with child, then she should give that child up for adoption or give the child to a family member. I clearly understand that if a woman was raped and became pregnant, that she would not want that child. But I still do not see that being a reason to kill an unborn child.

Death by Cell Phone Essay

The newspapers are replete with scores of vehicular accidents. One reads of how a delivery van careens off the railing of a skyway and lands on top of a passenger bus underneath, crushing several people to death. Another article will be about a cargo truck losing its brakes and running through the red light at a busy intersection and in the process slams broadside into private vehicle. Still another might be of an SUV that crashes against a flimsy construction barrier and lands into a deep excavation †¦. Poor maintenance, lack of defensive driving skills, and carelessness probably account for these accidents. Now, another one can be added to this list of causes: driving while using a cell phone. This is about as commonplace as finding chewing gum under a movie theater seat but certainly, much more dangerous. Availability has determined usage; if it is there – even while driving – use it, is the motto. One wonders how the ‘’civilized’’ world fared without the cell phone. But for some reason or another it did. It was not too long ago that the Spanish galleons took over 3 months of sailing to deliver a letter from Spain to the colonies. And how the roundtrip – the time it took for this same letter to be answered – might have taken anywhere from 6 months to a year. Fast forward to today and the thought of leaving a ringing cell phone unanswered for a few minutes– even while driving – is unthinkable. One can argue that the case against using cell phones while driving is exaggerated; after all there are ‘’hands-free’’ cell phones that allow one to use the cell phone and drive at the same time. We are, after all, multi-taskers, it is argued. While this facility is available, how many do in fact use ‘’hands-free’’ cell phoning. Next time you are on the expressway or freeway, check. While you are at this, also find out how many use the cell phones: those coming at you, those to your left, those to your right, those behind you. Is it 1 in 10? 2 in 10? More? Actuarial scientists will probably advise you to raise your insurance coverage or perhaps even suggest that you start taking another form of transportation (e. g. the subway or some such) even if 1 in 10 of these motorists used the cell phone while driving. It might be argued that the ‘’risk’’ of getting into a vehicular accident while using the cell phone is over-rated? Is it? Consider the statistics: how fast is the average speed on an expressway? How many are using cell phones? How many seconds – or micro-seconds – does it take to initiate an accident? If the answers are that the average speed on an expressway is 60 mph, that at any given time there are more than 1 in 10 using a cell phone and that accidents can occur in the blink of an eye†¦well the answer becomes deathly obvious. An act that has previously been regarded as a remote possibility now assumes the prospect of a distinct probability. All too often, when we read of these things we deal with them by insulating ourselves with anesthetic reassurances that the likelihood is remote, that this are the dire warnings of alarmists, that it cannot happen to us – after all, we are not as ‘’careless’’ as the others. All that can be said in answer to this is that do not let the morgues and cemeteries get crowded with like-minded motorists. It is not too late to stop using the cell phone while driving. Resist answering that phone; it is probably not that important. It can wait. Your life and those of others depend on it

Seize the Opportunity

Have you ever seen the movie â€Å"YES MAN† with Jim Carrey. I believe most of you do, which is one of my favorite movie. in this movie, Jim Carrey goes to this motivational seminar which teaches that you have to say ‘Yes’ to everything in life, and this will open unimaginable doors. So, Jim Carrey starts to say ‘Yes’ to everything and he starts to have all these amazing experiences and learns so many different . He got a promotion for his job, he find a girlfriend, and of course it’s a happy ending. Movies always come from reality, but it beyond reality.I think blindly saying yes to everything is not such a good idea, it will open opportunities and also might put you in trouble, so It’s easy to see many plots in this movie are not gonna happen in our life, but it still give us an important idea, which is having a positive attitude to every opportunity can bring success to you. We couldn’t live like a yes man say yes to everything , but we can use the following skills to seize the opportunity, which are say â€Å"yes† more often, have a positive attitude , take more risk. First of all, it’s impossible to say â€Å"Yes† to everything, but you could almost certainly say â€Å"Yes† to more than you do.When your friends invite you to join them to do something they like, and that you’ve never tried, what would you say. Do you take the chance to try it, or do you just put them down because you are too busy to do something else . If the first time human being saw the fire, and not try to make a fire, I guess we wouldn’t exist in this planet today. We all have potential, and potential is possibility. the only way to increase possibility is to learn more knowledge , to see more things, and to make more choices. So, let’s try it. Say â€Å"Yes† to something you would normally turn down.Try different food, try different music, have a conversation with different typ e of people. If you are shy, take guy way’s public speaking class. If you are noisy, try to be quiet and learn something from other. The world is huge, we should open ourselves to more opportunities, instead of staying where we are. Second, Positive attitude is very important to be successful and happy. Have you ever looked at people who always seem happy and enjoy life and wish you could be more like them? We are living in the same world, for some people, life is suffering, because they are easily broken down by any little trouble.For other people, life is paradise, because they have a positive attitude to face trouble. They always believe they are stronger than who they are, and they have more possibility to defeat any problem. According to Dr Becca Levy, a Harvard University social psychologist who focuses her research on aging and attitudes, a positive attitude will let you live longer. Therefore, never give up your belief. Whenever you give up , you close the door to suc cess. Being curious and happy, and with humor. Those positive attitudes will finally help you to seize the opportunity.Last, opportunities won’t last forever, and people always regret. According to wiki, the definition of opportunity is :a chance for advancement or profit and A favorable occasion or time. So, it takes risk and also short lived. When you’re sitting on couch watching TV, how much risk you are taking, and how many opportunities come to you? When a man start a new business, he is not only taking risk, but also taking advantage of an opportunity. Also, when you have your target, just do it and don’t hesitate, cause chance won't wait for you forever.For many examples, men want to chase a girl they like, they always want to set up a perfect time and encounter. However, when they finally get to the right time, someone else has already got there. Opportunity are not prepared for you, it’s for everyone. If you don’t take risk, you will regre t forever. In conclusion, in this huge planet, anything is possible. In order to follow your dream, you should size every chance. Saying â€Å"yes† is way to open more possibility, having a positive attitude will keep things going smoothly, and taking risk will lead you to success directly. When you have done those, opportunity is right in your hand.